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The music of Lebanon has a long history. Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, has long been known, especially in a period immediately following World War II, for its art and intellectualism. Several singers emerged in this period, among the most famous Fairuz, Sabah, Wadih El Safi, Nasri Shamseddine, Salwa Katrib, Majida El Roumi, Ahmad Kaabour, Marcel Khalife, (activist folk singer and oud player), and Ziad Rahbany, who - in addition to being an engaged singer-songwriter and music composer - was also a popular playwright. Lydia Canaan was hailed by the media as the first rock star of the Middle East.〔(Justin Salhani, ''The Daily Star'', November 17, 2014 )〕〔(Ambassador Muhamed Sacirbey, ''Diplomat Artist'', October 10, 2015 )〕〔(Fumiya Akashika, ''RedDeer International'', October 10, 2014 )〕〔(David Livingstone, ''Campus'', No. 8, p. 2, February 1997 )〕〔(Wafik Ajouz, ''Cedar Wings'', No. 28, p. 2, July-August 1995 )〕〔(Youmna Aschkar, ''Eco News'', No. 77, p. 2, January 20, 1997 )〕 During the fifteen-year civil war, most of the Lebanese music stars moved to Cairo or Paris, with a large music scene in Beirut only returning after 1992. Modern pop stars include Lydia Canaan, Najwa Karam, Diana Haddad, Nawal Al Zoghbi, Haifa Wehbe, Elissa, Ragheb Alama, Ayman Zbib, Walid Toufic, Wael Kfoury, Fares Karam, Amal Hijazi, Nancy Ajram, Melhem Zein, Fadel Shaker, and Assi El Helani. The annual Fête de la Musique, held in late June, brings the whole country out for organized and spontaneous underground concerts. ==Influence of international popular music in Lebanon== Rock is very popular in Lebanon. During the Lebanese Civil War, rock, hard rock, and heavy metal were very popular. Bands like Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, Rolling Stones, Iron Maiden, and Scorpions were extremely popular. In 1978, Rolling Stones booked a concert in Lebanon which was sold out in five hours. The concert was canceled, causing many Lebanese rock fans to burn tires on roads, blocking it of anger. During the Lebanese Civil War, Lydia Canaan, musical pioneer widely regarded as the first rock star of the Middle East〔(Justin Salhani, ''The Daily Star'', November 17, 2014 )〕〔(Ambassador Muhamed Sacirbey, ''Diplomat Artist'', October 10, 2015 )〕〔(Fumiya Akashika, ''RedDeer International'', October 10, 2014 )〕〔(David Livingstone, ''Campus'', No. 8, p. 2, February 1997 )〕〔(Wafik Ajouz, ''Cedar Wings'', No. 28, p. 2, July-August 1995 )〕〔(Youmna Aschkar, ''Eco News'', No. 77, p. 2, January 20, 1997 )〕 defied convention, social stigma, conservative local and religious authorities, and broke millennium-old gender barriers with her musical splash. Her initial performances, under the stage name Angel, were historically unprecedented on more than one front; her career began with her risking her life to perform amidst enemy military attacks, her concerts literally being held in vicinities of Lebanon which were simultaneously being bombed.〔David Livingstone, ''Campus'', No. 8, February 1997〕 According to ''Arabian Woman'' magazine: "As...A girl who grew up in the midst of a bloody civil war...Canaan was breaking down seemingly insurmountable barriers...She rocked the establishment".〔Claire High, ''Arabian Woman'', No. 21, September 2000〕 As noted by ''The Gulf Today'': "It is incredible that amidst the state of civil war that existed in Lebanon at that time, when most people had no idea if they would see another day, she managed to keep her ambitions alive".〔Sudha Chandran, ''Gulf Today/Panorama'', November 24, 2000〕 ''Society'' magazine attests: "In a small country that was ripped by war, there was this young girl making a difference".〔Hala Habib, ''Society'', No. 3, February 1997〕 Concerning Canaan's first concert as Angel, ''The Gulf Today'' writes: "The first show produced a phenomenal reaction".〔Sudha Chandran, ''Gulf Today/Panorama'', pg. 53, Nov 24-30, 2000〕 ''Society'' magazine states: "Tickets were sold out but more teenagers stormed in to see the young Angel perform...To accommodate the crowd, the concert organizers had to stamp on each fan's hand as they ran out of tickets. It was...Her first success".〔Hala Habib, ''Society'', No. 3, February 1997〕 The underground music scene became vibrant in Lebanon after the end of the civil war in 1990, spearheaded by the rock-pop duo Soap Kills. Various rock and alternative rock bands such Meen and Mashrou' Leila are also gaining in popularity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Music of Lebanon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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